Chapter 4: Partial Differentiation
Section 4.6: Surface Normal and Tangent Plane
Example 4.6.4
At P:1,1,1 on the surface defined by fx,y,z≡x2+2 y2+3 z2=6, obtain and draw both the normal and tangent plane.
Solution
Mathematical Solution
Figure 4.6.4(a) shows the surface in green, the tangent plane at P:1,1,1 in red, and the normal at this point in black.
According to Table 4.6.1, N is obtained by evaluating ∇f at P, yielding
N= ∇fP=246
The tangent plane is then given vectorially by
R−P·N=0
use plots, Student:-VectorCalculus in module() local P,N,p1,p2,p3,p4; N:=RootedVector(root=[1,1,1],<2,4,6>); P:=(6-x-2*y)/3; p1:=PlotVector(N,color=black,width=.4); p2:=plot3d(P,x=-2..2,y=-2..4,style=surface,color=red,transparency=.3); p3:=implicitplot3d(x^2+2*y^2+3*z^2-6,x=-3..3,y=-2..2,z=-2..2,style=surface,color=green); p4:=display(p1,p2,p3,scaling=constrained,axes=frame,view=-2..7,labels=[x,y,z],tickmarks=[4,4,4],orientation=[-15,80,0]); print(p4); end module: end use:
Figure 4.6.4(a) Surface, normal, and tangent plane
and then by
0
=xyz−111·246
=2x−1+4y−1+6z−1
=2 x+4 y+6 z−2−4−6
=2 x+4 y+6 z−12
Maple Solution - Interactive
Initialize
Tools≻Load Package: Student Multivariate Calculus
Loading Student:-MultivariateCalculus
Obtain a surface normal at point P
Context Panel: Student Multivariate Calculus≻Differentiate≻Gradient Evaluate at P (see Figure 4.6.4(c).
Context Panel: Select Element≻1
Context Panel: Assign to a Name≻N
Figure 4.6.6(c) Dialog: Evaluate at a Point
x2+2 y2+3 z2→gradient →select entry 1 →assign to a nameN
Obtain an equation for the tangent plane
Write a sequence of the point and normal that define the tangent plane.
Context Panel: Student Multivariate Calculus≻Lines & Planes≻Plane
Context Panel: Student Multivariate Calculus≻Lines & Planes≻Representation
1,1,1,N→make plane<< Plane 1 >>→representationx+2⁢y+3⁢z=6
Maple also supports a solution from first principles.
Represent point P as the position vector A
Context Panel: Assign Name
A=1,1,1→assign
Define the generic position vector R and implement the vector equation of a plane
R=x,y,z→assign
Write the vector equation of the plane that has normal N and passes through point A.
Press the Enter key.
R−A·N=0
2⁢x−12+4⁢y+6⁢z=0
Maple Solution - Coded
Install the Student MultivariateCalculus package.
withStudent:-MultivariateCalculus:
Define the function f.
f≔x2+2 y2+3 z2:
Obtain a vector normal to the surface
Use the Gradient command to obtain, at P, the gradient of f.
N≔Gradientf,x,y,z=1,1,1 =
Use the Plane and GetRepresentation commands.
GetRepresentationPlane1,1,1,N
x+2⁢y+3⁢z=6
The tangent plane can also be obtained via the TangentPlane command in the Student VectorCalculus package.
Student:-VectorCalculus:-TangentPlanef=6,x=1,y=1,z=1
2⁢x+4⁢y+6⁢z−12=0
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