Chapter 5: Double Integration
Section 5.3: Regions with Curved Boundaries
Example 5.3.3
Integrate fx,y=1+2 x2+3 y2 over the interior and boundary of the triangle whose vertices are 0,0,3,1,2,5.
Solution
Mathematical Solution
Figure 5.3.3(a) shows the triangle determined by the three given vertices, which are labeled as Pk,k=1,2,3.
The equations of the lines forming the edges of the triangle are given in the figure.
Iterating in either order requires that two double integrals be used. For the order dy dx, the top boundary changes across x=2. For the order dx dy, the boundary xR changes at y=1.
In the solutions provided, just the order dy dx is considered. The pair of iterated integrals this order requires is
Figure 5.3.3(a) Triangular region of integration
∫02∫⁢x/35⁢x/21+2 x2+3⁢y2ⅆyⅆx+∫23∫⁢x/313−4 x1+2 x2+3⁢y2ⅆyⅆx
with value 1781/12 ≐ 148.42.
Maple Solution - Interactive
Initialize
Tools≻Load Package: Student Precalculus
Loading Student:-Precalculus
Context Panel: Assign Name
f=1+2 x2+3 y2→assign
Define the three vertices of the triangle
p1=0,0→assign
p2=3,1→assign
p3=2,5→assign
Draw the triangle
Write a list of four points, the three vertices and then repeat the first vertex. Context Panel: Evaluate and Display Inline
Context Panel: Plots≻Plot Builder Options: Change Style from "default" to "line"
p1,p2,p3,p1 = 0,0,3,1,2,5,0,0→
Obtain the equations for each side of the triangle
Write a sequence of two consecutive points. Context Panel: Evaluate and Display Inline
Context Panel: Student Precalculus≻Lines and Segments≻Line≻Equation Context Panel: Right-hand Side Context Panel: Assign to a Name≻Y12, Y23, Y31, as appropriate
p1,p2 = 0,0,3,1→equation of liney=13⁢x→right hand side13⁢x→assign to a nameY12
p2,p3 = 3,1,2,5→equation of liney=−4⁢x+13→right hand side−4⁢x+13→assign to a nameY23
p3,p1 = 2,5,0,0→equation of liney=52⁢x→right hand side52⁢x→assign to a nameY31
Construct and evaluate the iterated integral(s)
Calculus palette: Iterated double-integral template
Context Panel: 2-D Math≻Convert To≻Inert Form
Context Panel: Evaluate Integral
∫02∫Y12Y31f ⅆy ⅆx+∫23∫Y12Y23f ⅆy ⅆx
∫02∫13⁢x52⁢x2⁢x2+3⁢y2+1ⅆyⅆx+∫23∫13⁢x−4⁢x+132⁢x2+3⁢y2+1ⅆyⅆx
=
178112
Maple Solution - Coded
Install the Student Precalculus package.
Install the Student VectorCalculus package.
withStudent:-Precalculus:withStudent:-VectorCalculus:
Define the integrand.
f≔1+2 x2+3 y2:
Define the vertices of the triangle as vectors.
v1,v2,v3≔0,0,3,1,2,5:
Use the tilde operator to map the convert/list command onto a list of vectors.
P≔convert~v1,v2,v3,list:
Integrate over the triangle
Use the int command from the Student VectorCalculus package to form the unevaluated integral.
intf,x,y=Trianglev1,v2,v3,inert
−∫02∫52⁢x13⁢x2⁢x2+3⁢y2+1ⅆyⅆx−∫23∫−4⁢x+1313⁢x2⁢x2+3⁢y2+1ⅆyⅆx
Use the int command to evaluate the iterated double integral.
intf,x,y=Trianglev1,v2,v3 = 178112
plotP1,P2,P2,P3,P3,P1, color=black,red,green
Towards a solution from first principles
Use the Line command from the Student Precalculus package to obtain the equations of the edges of the triangle.
Use the rhs command to select the right-hand side in each such equation.
Y12≔rhsLineP1,P21; Y23≔rhsLineP2,P31;Y31≔rhsLineP3,P11
13⁢x
Apply the Int command to obtain the unevaluated integral.
Intf,y=Y12..Y31,x=0..2+Intf,y=Y12..Y23,x=2..3
Apply the top-level int command, accessed by prefacing int with the colon-dash operator. This construction is essential because int in the Student VectorCalculus package has different syntax.
:-intf,y=Y12..Y31,x=0..2+:-intf,y=Y12..Y23,x=2..3 = 178112
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