Chapter 6: Applications of Double Integration
Section 6.1: Area
Example 6.1.8
Use the double integral to calculate the area of the region R, the interior of the ellipse x2+4 y2=1.
Solution
Mathematical Solution
The region R is shaded in Figure 6.1.8(a). The work of iterating in either order is equivalent; the order selected here is dy dx, resulting in the integral
∫−11∫−1−x2/21−x2/21 dy dx = π2
Note that in Figure 6.1.8(a) the upper branch of the ellipse, given by YT=1−x2/2 is drawn in black, while the lower branch, YB=−YT, is drawn in blue.
Figure 6.1.8(a) The region R
Maple Solution - Interactive
Initialize
Tools≻Load Package: Student Multivariate Calculus
Loading Student:-MultivariateCalculus
Access the MultiInt command via the Context Panel
c=1−x2/2→assign
Type the integrand, 1.
Context Panel: Student Multivariate Calculus≻Integrate≻Iterated Fill in the fields of the two dialogs shown below
Context Panel: Evaluate Integral
1→MultiInt∫−11∫−−x2+12−x2+121ⅆyⅆx=π2
The simplest approach is to employ the task template in Table 6.1.8(a).
Tools≻Tasks≻Browse:
Calculus - Vector≻Integration≻Multiple Integration≻2-D≻Over an Ellipse
Integrate fx,y over an Ellipse
fx,y=
Equation of ellipse:
From θ= to θ=
Table 6.1.8(a) Task template for integration over an ellipse
Maple elects to implement the integration in polar coordinates, representing the ellipse as
r
=12⁢tan2θ+114+tan2θ
=sec2θ1+4 tan2θ
=1cos2θ+4 sin2θ
=11−sin2θ+4 sin2θ
=11+3 sin2θ
which is what would be obtained by the following "direct" conversion to polar coordinates.
Expression palette: Evaluation template
Context Panel: Solve≻Obtain Solutions for≻r
x2+4 y2=1x=a|f(x)x=r cosθ,y=r sinθ
r2⁢cos⁡θ2+4⁢r2⁢sin⁡θ2=1
→solutions for r
13⁢sin⁡θ2+1,−13⁢sin⁡θ2+1
A solution from first principles is given in Table 6.1.8(b).
Solve for y=yx
Control-drag (or type) the equation of the ellipse.
Context Panel: Solve≻Obtain Solutions for≻y
Context Panel: Assign to a Name≻Y
x2+4 y2=1→solutions for y−x2+12,−−x2+12→assign to a nameY
Write an appropriate iterated integral and evaluate
Calculus palette: Iterated double-integral template
Context Panel: Evaluate and Display Inline
∫−11∫Y2Y11 ⅆy ⅆx = π2
Table 6.1.8(b) Solution from first principles
Table 6.1.8(c) provides an alternate solution via a visualization task template.
Tools≻Task≻Browse:
Calculus - Multivariate≻Integration≻Visualizing Regions of Integration≻Cartesian 2-D
Evaluate ∬RΨx,y dA and Graph R
Area Element dA
Select dAdy dxdx dy
, Ψ=
Value of Integral
G=
b=
g=
a=
Bounding Curves
"Volume"
Table 6.1.8(c) Solution by visualization task template
Constrained scaling has to be applied to both graphs in Table 6.1.8(c).
Maple Solution - Coded
Install the Student MultivariateCalculus package.
withStudent:-MultivariateCalculus:
Apply the solve command to the equation of the ellipse.
Y≔solvex2+4 y2=1,y
Y≔−x2+12,−−x2+12
Top-level, using the Int and int commands
Int1,y=Y2..Y1,x=−1..1=int1,y=Y2..Y1,x=−1..1
∫−11∫−−x2+12−x2+121ⅆyⅆx=π2
Use the MultiInt command from the Student MultivariateCalculus package
MultiInt1,x,y=Ellipsex2+4 y2=1 = π2
MultiInt1,x,y=Ellipsex2+4 y2=1,r,θ,output=integral
∫02⁢π∫0tan⁡θ2+114+tan⁡θ22rⅆrⅆθ
MultiInt1,x,y=Ellipsex2+4 y2=1,r,θ,output=steps
π2
Maple represents the polar form of the ellipse in terms of the tangent function. A simpler representation would be r=1/cos2θ+4 sin2θ, obtained by making the substitutions x=r cosθ,y=r sinθ in x2+4 y2=1.
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