Chapter 6: Applications of Double Integration
Section 6.3: Surface Area
Example 6.3.6
Calculate the surface area of the surface defined by the function F=x−3 y−6 whose domain is the plane region R, the interior of the triangle whose vertices are 1,3,7,4,5,9. See Example 6.2.6.
Solution
Mathematical Solution
Using Figure 6.1.6(a) from Example 6.1.6, obtain the equations of the edges of the triangle R.
YAB=x+17/6
YBC=43−5 x/2
YAC=3x+1/2
The surface is defined by Fx,y=x−3 y−6, so the surface-area element is
dσ=1+Fx2+Fy2dA=1+y−62+x−32dA
The surface area is then given by the iterated integral
∫15∫YABYACλⅆy ⅆx+∫57∫YABYBCλ dy dx = 39.06346474
where λ=1+y−62+x−32. The inner integrals can be evaluated in closed form, but then the outer integrals must be evaluated numerically.
Maple Solution - Interactive
The most direct calculation of the surface area over a triangular domain is implemented with the task template contained in Table 6.3.6(a).
Tools≻Tasks≻Browse:
Calculus - Vector≻Integration≻Surface Integration≻Surface Defined over a Triangle
Surface Integral on a Surface Defined over a Triangle
Integrand
fx,y,z=
Surface
zx,y=
Triangle
Vertices
x1=
x2=
x3=
y1=
y2=
y3=
Table 6.3.6(a) Task-template implementation of the SurfaceInt command
A solution from first principles requires the equations of the edges of the triangle forming the region R. These equations were found in Example 6.1.6, and are again given in Table 6.3.6(b) where the Context Panel option Assign Name is applied.
YAB=x+17/6→assign
YBC=43−5 x/2→assign
YAC=3x+1/2→assign
Table 6.1.6(b) Equations of the edges of the triangle forming region R
The calculation of λ=1+Fx2+Fy2 appears in Table 6.3.5(c).
Context Panel: Assign Name
F=x−3 y−6→assign
Expression palette: Square-root template
Calculus palette: Partial-derivative operator
Context Panel: Evaluate and Display Inline
Context Panel: Assign to a Name≻lambda
1+∂∂ x F2+∂∂ y F2 = 1+y−62+x−32→assign to a nameλ
Table 6.3.5(c) Calculation of λ=1+Fx2+Fy2
The iterated integral by means of which the surface area over R can be found is given in Table 6.2.5(d).
Iterate in the order dy dx via the template in the Calculus palette
Calculus palette: Iterated double-integral template Context Panel: 2-D Math≻Convert To≻Inert Form Press the Enter key.
Context Panel: Approximate≻10 (digits)
∫15∫YABYACλ ⅆy ⅆx+∫57∫YABYBCλ ⅆy ⅆx
∫15∫x6+1763⁢x2+321+y−62+x−32ⅆyⅆx+∫57∫x6+176432−5⁢x21+y−62+x−32ⅆyⅆx
→at 10 digits
39.06346474
Table 6.2.5(d) Iterated double-integral for finding the surface area of F over R
Once again, the inner integrals are evaluated in closed form, but the outer integrals must be evaluated numerically.
Maple Solution - Coded
Initialize
Install the Student MultivariateCalculus package.
withStudent:-MultivariateCalculus:
Define the integrand F.
F≔x−3 y−6:
Obtain the equations of the edges in region R
Use the Line command from the Student Precalculus package.
YAB≔rhsisolateGetRepresentationLine1,3,7,4,form=equation,y:YBC≔rhsisolateGetRepresentationLine7,4,5,9,form=equation,y:YAC≔rhsisolateGetRepresentationLine1,3,5,9,form=equation,y:
YAB = x6+176
YBC = 432−5⁢x2
YAC = 3⁢x2+32
Obtain λ=1+Fx2+Fy2
Use the diff command to obtain the requisite partial derivatives.
λ≔sqrt1+diffF,x2+diffF,y2
λ≔1+y−62+x−32
Top-level, using the Int and evalfcommands
Q≔Intλ,y=YAB..YAC,x=1..5+Intλ,y=YAB..YBC,x=5..7; evalfQ
Use the MultiInt command from the Student MultivariateCalculus package
MultiIntλ,y=YAB..YAC,x=1..5,output=integral+MultiIntλ,y=YAB..YBC,x=5..7,output=integral
Use the MultiInt command with a pre-defined domain option
MultiIntλ,x,y=Triangle1,3,7,4,5,9,output=integral
∫15∫3⁢x2+32x6+176−1+y−62+x−32ⅆyⅆx+∫57∫432−5⁢x2x6+176−1+y−62+x−32ⅆyⅆx
MultiIntλ,x,y=Triangle1.,3,7.,4,5,9 = 39.06346476
Use the SurfaceInt command in the Student VectorCalculus package
Student:-VectorCalculus:-SurfaceInt1,x,y,z=Surfacex,y,F,x,y=Triangle1,3,7,4,5,9,output=integral
∫15∫3⁢x2+32x6+176−1+6−y2+−x+32ⅆyⅆx+∫57∫432−5⁢x2x6+176−1+6−y2+−x+32ⅆyⅆx
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