Chapter 9: Vector Calculus
Section 9.4: Differential Identities
Example 9.4.15
Working with sufficiently well-behaved quantities in spherical coordinates, verify Identity 5 in Table 9.4.1 for fρ,φ,θ and F=u eρ+v eφ+w eθ, where u,v,w are functions of ρ,φ,θ.
Solution
Mathematical Solution
Identity 5: ∇·f F= f ∇·F+F·∇f
The left side is the divergence of the product f F, where f is a scalar and F is a vector, both in spherical coordinates. From Table 9.3.2, the resulting scalar is
∇·f F
=ρ2u fρρ2+v f sinφφρ sinφ+w fθρ sinφ
=2⁢f⁢uρ+f⁢uρ+f⁢cos⁡φ⁢vρ⁢sin⁡φ+f⁢ vφρ+f⁢ wθρ⁢sin⁡φ+u⁢fρ+v⁢fφρ+w⁢fθρ⁢sin⁡φ
The first term on the right is the product of the scalar f and the divergence of F. From Table 9.3.2, the resulting scalar is
f ρ2uρρ2+v sinφφρ sinφ+wθρ sinφ=2⁢f⁢uρ+f⁢uρ+f⁢cos⁡φ⁢vρ⁢sin⁡φ+f⁢ vφρ+f⁢ wθρ⁢sin⁡φ
The second term on the right is the dot product of F with the gradient of f. From Table 9.3.2, the resulting scalar is
uvw·fρfφρfθρ sin(φ)=u⁢fρ+v⁢fφρ+w⁢fθρ⁢sin⁡φ
The sum of the terms on the right is then
2⁢f⁢uρ+f⁢uρ+f⁢cos⁡φ⁢vρ⁢sin⁡φ+f⁢ vφρ+f⁢ wθρ⁢sin⁡φ+u⁢fρ+v⁢fφρ+w⁢fθρ⁢sin⁡φ=∇·f F
Maple Solution
Initialize
Tools≻Load Package: Student Vector Calculus
Loading Student:-VectorCalculus
Tools≻Tasks≻Browse: Calculus - Vector≻ Vector Algebra and Settings≻ Display Format for Vectors
Press the Access Settings button and select "Display as Column Vector"
Display Format for Vectors
Additional notational devices
The Suppress command in the Typesetting package allows suppression of arguments on input, as well as on output.
The declare command in the PDEtools package suppresses arguments on output, and sets partial derivatives as subscripts. Because the Suppress command acts first, the arguments can be suppressed in the ensuing declare command.
Typesetting:-Suppressfρ,φ,θ,uρ,φ,θ,vρ,φ,θ,wρ,φ,θ
PDEtools:-declaref,u,v,w,quiet
Define the vector field F
Write the free vector whose components are those of F. Context Panel: Evaluate and Display Inline
Context Panel: Student Vector Calculus≻Conversions≻Apply Co-ordinate System≻
Context Panel: Student Vector Calculus≻Conversions≻To Vector Field
Context Panel: Assign to a Name≻F
u,v,w = uvw→apply coordinatesuvw→to Vector Fielduvw→assign to a nameF
Implement the left side of Identity 5: ∇·f F=f ∇·F+F·∇f
Common Symbols palette: Del and dot-product operators Gradient command from the Student VectorCalculus package Press the Enter key.
Context Panel: Expand≻Expand
∇·f F
2⁢ρ⁢sin⁡φ⁢f⁢u+ρ2⁢sin⁡φ⁢fρ⁢u+ρ2⁢sin⁡φ⁢f⁢uρ+ρ⁢cos⁡φ⁢f⁢v+ρ⁢sin⁡φ⁢fφ⁢v+ρ⁢sin⁡φ⁢f⁢vφ+ρ⁢fθ⁢w+ρ⁢f⁢wθρ2⁢sin⁡φ
= expand
2⁢f⁢uρ+f⁢uρ+f⁢cos⁡φ⁢vρ⁢sin⁡φ+f⁢vφρ+f⁢wθρ⁢sin⁡φ+u⁢fρ+v⁢fφρ+w⁢fθρ⁢sin⁡φ
Implement the right side of Identity 5: ∇·f F=f ∇·F+F·∇f
f ∇·F+F·Gradientf,sphericalρ,φ,θ
f⁢2⁢ρ⁢sin⁡φ⁢u+ρ2⁢sin⁡φ⁢uρ+ρ⁢cos⁡φ⁢v+ρ⁢sin⁡φ⁢vφ+ρ⁢wθρ2⁢sin⁡φ+u⁢fρ+v⁢fφρ+w⁢fθρ⁢sin⁡φ
On the right, explicit use must be made of the Gradient command because f, a scalar, does not carry its coordinate system as an attribute. In typeset notation, the Del operator has no way of knowing which coordinate system to use when operating on a scalar. The alternative to invoking the Gradient command would be to set the ambient coordinate system to spherical coordinates with the SetCoordinates command, an approach this Study Guide consistently avoids implementing.
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