Heat Radiation
Basic component of Radiation
Description
Equations
Variables
Connections
Parameters
See Also
The Heat Radiation component models the thermal radiation emitted between two bodies as a result of their temperatures.
This component has 4 options to express the type of radiation which is defined by the parameter Radiation type.
Additionally, there are several built-in functions for radiation as references.
Refer to the below table which shows the implemented options.
Radiation type
Radiation geometry
Use Correction input
Constant
-
false or true
External input
General
Use References
Surrounded object
Two parallel plates
Two long concentric cylinders
Concentric spheres
The following table gives images of radiation geometry when Radiation type is Use References.
Additionally, if you set Use reference of emissivity for Material 1 / 2 as true, the built-in emissivity data can be used as references.
Refer to the below table about the built-in emissivity data.
Material
Emissivity value
Brass Polished
0.03
Brass Oxidized 600oC
0.6
Copper electroplated
Copper Polished
0.04
Steel Oxidized
0.79
Steel Polished
0.07
Steel Galvanized New
0.23
Steel Galvanized Old
0.88
Stainless Steel, Polished
0.075
Stainless Steel, weathered
0.85
Aluminum Foil
Aluminium Heavily Oxidized
0.25
Iron, dark gray surface
0.31
Iron, plate rusted red
0.61
Cast Iron
0.65
Cast Iron, newly turned
0.44
Wrought Iron
0.94
Lead Oxidized
0.43
Carbon, not oxidized
0.81
Plastics
0.91
Rubber Nat Hard
Porcelain, glazed
0.92
Glass smooth
0.93
Paper
Fundamental equation is :
Qflow=Gr__act ⋅ σ ⋅ T__a4 − T__b4
The extended equation which is implemented in this library is :
Qflow=cor ⋅ Gr__act ⋅ σ ⋅ T__a4 − T__b4
when Use Correction input = true, cor is specified by the input signal. If Use Correction input = false, cor is the constant value "1".
Net radiation conductance between two surfaces Gr__act is defined based on the selected option. The equation for each option is shown below.
Radiation type : Constant
With this type, the net radiation conductance is specified by the value of parameter Gr.
Gr__act=Gr
Radiation type : External input
If you use this type, the net radiation conductance is specified by the signal input Grin.
Gr__act=Gr__in
Radiation type : General
If you use this type, the generalized equation is valid for the net radiation conductance.
The following equation is based on the radiation network for two surfaces that exchange heat with each other and no other route of heat.
Gr__act=11−ε__act1A__1⋅ε__act1+1A__1⋅F__12+1−ε__act2A__2⋅ε__act2
Radiation type : Use References
If you use this type, references can be used for the net radiation conductance, and there are 4 options.
"Surrounded object" : Radiation Geometry = Surrounded object
Gr__act=A__1⋅ε__act1
"Two parallel plates" : Radiation Geometry = Two parallel plates
Gr__act=A__11ε__act1+1ε__act2−1
"Two long concentric cylinders" : Radiation Geometry = Two long concentric cylinders
Gr__act=2⋅π⋅r__1⋅L__11ε__act1+1ε__act2−1⋅r__1r__2
"Concentric spheres" : Radiation Geometry = Concentric spheres
Gr__act1=4⋅π⋅r__121ε__act1+1−ε__act2ε__act2⋅r__1r__22
Symbol
Units
Modelica ID
Q__flow
W
Heat flow rate from port a to port b
Q_flow
T__a
K
Temperature of port a
T__b
Temperature of port b
Gr__act
m2
Net radiation conductance between two surfaces
Gr_act
σ
wm2⋅K4
Stefan-Boltzmann constant 5.670373e-8
sigma
ε__act1
Emissivity of object 1 on port a
eps_act1
ε__act2
Emissivity of object 2 on port b
eps_act2
Name
Condition
port_a
Thermal port, a
port_b
Thermal port, b
Gr__in
if Radiation type is External input.
Input signal of the heat transfer coefficient
Gr_in
cor
if Use correction input is true.
Input signal of the correction factor for Qflow
Default
Radiation Type
Select Type of Radiation
General : Use the generalized equation
Constant : Radiation conductance is constant
External input: Radiation conductance given by input
Use References : Use references for Radiation conductance
TypeOfRadiation
Radiation Geometry
Geometry type of Radiation.
RadiationGeometry
Use references of emissivity for Material1
false
If true, Emissivity for Material 1 are defined by reference data
use_reference_emissivity1
Use references of emissivity for Material2
If true, Emissivity for Material 2 are defined by reference data
use_reference_emissivity2
Material 1
Brass Polished :0.03
Emissivity for Material 1 if Use references of emissivity for Material 1 is true.
TypeOfMaterial1
Material 2
Emissivity for Material 2 if Use references of emissivity for Material 2 is true.
TypeOfMaterial2
ε__1
1
eps1
ε__2
emissivity of object 2 on port b
eps2
A__1
Surface area of object 1
A1
A__2
Surface area of object 2
A2
r__1
0.1
m
Radius of object 1, Inner
r1
r__2
0.2
Radius of object 2, Outer
r2
L__1
Length of object 1
L1
F__12
View factor for Radiation
F12
Gr
If true, input of correction for Gr_act is valid
use_correction
Heat Transfer Library Overview
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