Chapter 2: Space Curves
Section 2.4: Curvature
Example 2.4.8
Obtain and graph the curvature of the curve defined by Rp=lncosp i+lnsinp j+2p k, p∈0,π/2.
Solution
Mathematical Solution
To compute the curvature via the formula κ=∥R′×R″∥/ρ3 , first obtain
R′=−tan(p)cot(p)2, R″=−sec2(p)−csc2(p)0, ρ=∥R′∥ = tan2p+cot2p+2 = 1sinpcosp
then calculate R′×R″ = |ijk−tanpcotp2−sec2p−csc2p0| = 2csc2(p)−2sec2(p)2 sec(p)csc(p) so that
∥R′×R″∥ρ3 = 2sinpcosp
To compute the curvature via the definition κ=T′s, first apply the chain rule so that
T′s=dTdp dpds=dTdp 1ρ
Since Tp=R′p/ρ, it follows that
T′s
=ddp(sinpcosp−tan(p)cot(p)2) sinpcosp
= −2⁢sin⁡p⁢cos⁡p−2⁢sin⁡p⁢cos⁡p2⁢2⁢cos⁡p2−1 sinpcosp
=−2⁢cos⁡p2⁢sin⁡p2−2⁢cos⁡p2⁢sin⁡p2cos⁡p⁢sin⁡p⁢2⁢2⁢cos⁡p2−1
so that
T′s = sinpcosp −2⁢sin⁡p⁢cos⁡p−2⁢sin⁡p⁢cos⁡p2⁢2⁢cos⁡p2−1 = 2 sinp cosp
plot(sqrt(2)*sin(p)*cos(p),p=0..Pi/2,size=[300,300]);
Figure 2.4.8(a) Graph of the curvature
Maple Solution - Interactive
Initialize
Tools≻Load Package: Student Vector Calculus
Loading Student:-VectorCalculus
Execute the BasisFormat command at the right, or use the task template.
BasisFormatfalse:
Write R=… as per Table 1.1.1.
Context Panel: Assign Name
R= lncosp,lnsinp,2p→assign
Obtain the curvature
Write R and press the Enter key.
Context Panel: Student Vector Calculus≻Frenet Formalism≻Curvature≻p
Context Panel: Simplify≻Assuming Real Range≻0,π/2
R
→curvature
12⁢4⁢12⁢sin⁡p⁢2cos⁡p3⁢sin⁡p−2cos⁡p⁢sin⁡p31cos⁡p2⁢sin⁡p23/2⁢cos⁡p−11cos⁡p2⁢sin⁡p2−sin⁡p21cos⁡p2⁢sin⁡p2⁢cos⁡p22+4⁢−12⁢cos⁡p⁢2cos⁡p3⁢sin⁡p−2cos⁡p⁢sin⁡p31cos⁡p2⁢sin⁡p23/2⁢sin⁡p−11cos⁡p2⁢sin⁡p2−cos⁡p21cos⁡p2⁢sin⁡p2⁢sin⁡p22+2⁢cos⁡p6⁢sin⁡p6⁢2cos⁡p3⁢sin⁡p−2cos⁡p⁢sin⁡p321cos⁡p2⁢sin⁡p2
→assuming real range
cos⁡p⁢sin⁡p⁢2
Obtain the curvature as κ=∥R′×R″∥/ρ3
Make R′ an Atomic Identifier.
Calculus palette: Differentiation operator
R′=ⅆⅆ p R→assign
Make R″ an Atomic Identifier.
R″=ⅆ2ⅆp2 R→assign
Keyboard the norm bars.
ρ=∥R′∥→assign
Make R′ and R″ Atomic Identifiers.
Common Symbols palette: Cross product operator
Context Panel: Evaluate and Display Inline
R′×R″ρ3 = 2⁢1sin⁡p4⁢cos⁡p41cos⁡p2⁢sin⁡p23/2→assuming real rangecos⁡p⁢sin⁡p⁢2
Obtain the curvature as κ=T′s then graph κ
T=R′/ρ→assign
Calculus palette: Differentiation operator Press the Enter key.
ⅆⅆ p T/ρ = 2⁢cos⁡p2⁢sin⁡p2→assuming real rangecos⁡p⁢sin⁡p⁢2
Display computed quantities
R′,R″,ρ,T
Maple Solution - Coded
Install the Student VectorCalculus package.
withStudent:-VectorCalculus:
Define the helix as a position vector.
R≔lncosp,lnsinp,2p:
Apply the Curvature and simplify commands.
simplifyCurvatureR,p assuming p≥0,p≤π/2
Use the TangentVector command to obtain Tp.
T≔TangentVectorR,p,normalized:
Apply the diff command to obtain R′p.
Apply the Norm command to obtain ρ=∥R′∥.
ρ≔NormdiffR,p:
Apply the diff, CrossProduct, Norm, and simplify commands.
simplifyNormCrossProductdiffR,p,diffR,p,pρ3 assuming p≥0,p≤π/2
2⁢sin⁡p⁢cos⁡p
Obtain the curvature as κ=T′s
Apply the diff, Norm, and simplify commands.
κ≔simplifyNormdiffT,pρ assuming p≥0, p≤π/2
Graph the curvature
Apply the plot command.
plotκ,p=0..π/2,size=200,200
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