Chapter 4: Partial Differentiation
Section 4.6: Surface Normal and Tangent Plane
Example 4.6.2
At P:a,b on the surface defined by z=fx,y, obtain an equation for the tangent plane in the form z=….
Solution
Mathematical Solution
If A is the position-vector representation of the point of contact of the plane on the surface; R, the generic position vector to the arbitrary point x,y,z; and N, a surface normal at the point of contact, then the vector equation for the tangent plane is R−A·N=0. This leads to
0
=xyz−abf(a,b)·−fx(a,b)−fy(a,b)1
= −fxa,b⋅x−a−fya,b⋅y−b+z−fa,b
which can be rearranged to
z=fa,b+fxa,b⋅x−a+fya,b⋅y−b
Maple Solution - Interactive
Guided by the Mathematical Solution, enter the appropriate equation, press the Enter key, and use the Context Panel's Solve option to isolate z.
Tools≻Load Package: Student Multivariate Calculus
Loading Student:-MultivariateCalculus
x,y,z−a,b,fa,b·−fxa,b,−fya,b,1=0
−x−a⁢fx⁡a,b−y−b⁢fy⁡a,b+z−f⁡a,b=0
→isolate for z
z=x−a⁢fx⁡a,b+y−b⁢fy⁡a,b+f⁡a,b
Tangent plane as first-degree Taylor polynomial
Alternatively, recognize the expression for tangent plane as the first-degree Taylor polynomial. Obtain this interactively via
Context Panel: Series≻Multivariate Taylor Polynomial. (Complete the resulting pop-up dialog as per Figure 4.6.2(a).)
Figure 4.6.2(a) Taylor Polynomial dialog
fx,y→Taylor polynomialD1⁡f⁡a,b⁢x−a+D2⁡f⁡a,b⁢y−b+f⁡a,b
Maple Solution - Coded
An equation for a plane tangent to the surface z=fx,y at the point a,b,fa,b is given in position-vector form by the TangentPlane command in the Student VectorCalculus package.
Student:-VectorCalculus:-TangentPlanefx,y,x=a,y=b
This form of the plane, essentially a parametric representation, can be interpreted as the equation
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