Chapter 9: Vector Calculus
Section 9.8: Divergence Theorem
Example 9.8.10
Apply the Divergence theorem to the vector field F=x i+y j+z k and R, the first-octant region bounded by the coordinate planes and the plane x+y+z=1.
Solution
Mathematical Solution
The divergence of F:
∇·F=∂xx y3+∂yy z+∂zx2z=y3+z+x2
Implement the integral of ∇·F over the interior of R:
∫01∫01−x∫01−x−yy3+z+x2 dz dy dx = 115
To compute the flux through R, note that there are four boundaries, the coordinate planes and the plane z=1−x−y. Table 9.8.10(a) lists the faces, the unit normal on that face, the expression for F·N dσ, and the value of F·N dσ on that face.
Face
N
F·N dσ
value of F·N dσ
x=0
−i
−x y3 dA
0
y=0
−j
−y z dA
z=0
−k
−x2z dA
z=1−x−y
i+j+k/3
x y3+y z+x2z33 dA
x y3+y+x21−x−y
Table 9.8.10(a) F·N dσ on the four faces of R
The only face through which there is nonzero flux is the plane z=1−x−y. This flux is given by
∫01∫01−xx y3+y+x21−x−y dy dx = 115
The total flux through the boundaries of R matches the volume integral of the divergence.
Maple Solution - Interactive
The Student VectorCalculus package is needed for calculating the divergence, but it then conflicts with any multidimensional integral set from the Calculus palette. Hence, the Student MultivariateCalculus package is installed to gain Context Panel access to the MultiInt command.
Initialize
Tools≻Load Package: Student Vector Calculus
Loading Student:-VectorCalculus
Tools≻Tasks≻Browse: Calculus - Vector≻ Vector Algebra and Settings≻ Display Format for Vectors
Press the Access Settings button and select "Display as Column Vector"
Display Format for Vectors
Define the vector field F
Enter the components of F in a free vector. Context Panel: Evaluate and Display Inline
Context Panel: Student Vector Calculus≻Conversions≻To Vector Field
Context Panel: Assign to a Name≻F
x y3,y z,x2z = →to Vector Field →assign to a nameF
Obtain ∇·F, the divergence of F
Common Symbols palette: Del and dot-product operators
Context Panel: Evaluate and Display Inline
Context Panel: Assign to a Name≻divF
∇·F = y3+x2+z→assign to a namedivF
Obtain the volume integral of the divergence of F
Tools≻Load Package: Student Multivariate Calculus
Loading Student:-MultivariateCalculus
Write the name given to ∇·F
Context Panel: Student Multivariate Calculus≻Integrate≻Iterated Complete the dialogs as shown in the two figures below.
Context Panel: Evaluate Integral
divF = y3+x2+z→MultiInt∫01∫01−x∫01−x−yy3+x2+zⅆzⅆyⅆx=115
There are four parts to the boundary of R, the coordinate planes and the plane z=1−x−y.
For the flux through the upper surface, use a task template.
Tools≻Tasks≻Browse: Calculus - Vector≻Integration≻Flux≻3-D≻Through a Surface Defined over a Triangle
Flux through a Surface Defined over a Triangle
For the Vector Field:
Select Coordinate SystemCartesian [x,y,z]Cartesian - othercylindricalsphericalbipolarcylindricalbisphericalcardioidalcardioidcylindricalcasscylindricalconicalellcylindricalhypercylindricalinvcasscylindricallogcylindricallogcoshcylindricaloblatespheroidalparaboloidalparacylindricalprolatespheroidalrosecylindricalsixspheretangentcylindricaltangentspheretoroidal
On the three coordinate planes, F·N dσ vanishes, so all the flux is accounted for. Hence, the flux through R matches the volume integral of the divergence.
Maple Solution - Coded
Install the Student VectorCalculus package.
withStudent:-VectorCalculus:
Set display of vectors via BasisFormat.
BasisFormatfalse:
Define F via the VectorField command.
F≔VectorFieldx y3,y z,x2z:
Invoke the Divergence command.
divF≔DivergenceF
y3+x2+z
Use the int command to integrate the divergence of F over R
intdivF,x,y,z=Region0..1,0..1−x,0..1−x−y,output=integral
∫01∫01−x∫01−x−yy3+x2+zⅆzⅆyⅆx
intdivF,x,y,z=Region0..1,0..1−x,0..1−x−y = 115
Use the Flux command to obtain the flux of F through the plane z=1−x−y
FluxF,Surfacex,y,1−x−y,x,y=Triangle0,0,0,1,1,0,output=integral
∫01∫01−xx⁢y3+y⁢1−x−y+x2⁢1−x−yⅆyⅆx
FluxF,Surfacex,y,1−x−y,x,y=Triangle0,0,0,1,1,0 = 115
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