simplify
apply simplification rules to an expression
Calling Sequence
Parameters
Basic Information
Description
Options
Examples
simplify(expr, n1, n2, ..., opt)
simplify(expr, side1, side2, ..., opt)
simplify(expr, assume=prop, opt)
simplify(expr, size, evaluate_known_functions = eval_boolean)
simplify(expr, symbolic, opt)
expr
-
any expression
n1, n2, ...
(optional) names; simplification procedures
side1, side2, ...
(optional) sets or lists; side relations
prop
(optional) any property
evaluate_known_functions = eval_boolean
(optional) equation; left-hand side is the literal evaluate_known_functions and the right-hand side eval_boolean is true or false
opt
(optional) size=false; disable simplification of expression size
This help page contains complete information about the simplify command. For basic information on the simplify command, see the simplify help page.
The simplify command is used to apply simplification rules to an expression.
The simplify/expr calling sequence searches the expression, expr, for function calls, square roots, radicals, and powers. It then invokes the appropriate simplification procedures.
Simplification procedures
Invokes only the simplification procedures specified by the additional names.
Further information on the simplification procedures supported is available in the help pages simplify/name where name is one of:
@
binomial
constant
constants
Ei
factorial
GAMMA
hypergeom
ln
piecewise
polar
power
radical
RootOf
rtable
siderels
size
sqrt
trig
wronskian
zero
You can extend the simplify function by defining a Maple procedure. If the procedure `simplify/f` is defined, then the function call simplify(a,f) invokes `simplify/f`(a).
Side relations
side1, side2,...
Performs simplification with respect to the side relations. For details, see simplify/siderels.
The assume option
assume=prop
When the last argument is assume=prop, all the indeterminates in expr are assumed to have the property prop when computing the simplified expression. This option is not necessary to simplify integrands and summands in definite integrals and sums taking into account the integration/summation range. For details, see the following Examples section.
Simplification with respect to size
There are two special calling sequences related to simplifying with respect to size: one involving the named option evaluate_known_functions, which controls whether known mathematical functions are re-evaluated after simplification, and one specifically disabling this simplification. They are discussed in greater detail on the simplify/size help page.
The symbolic option
symbolic
Specifies that formal symbolic manipulation of expressions is allowed without regard to the analytical issue of branches for multi-valued functions. For example, the expression sqrt(x^2) simplifies to x under the symbolic option. Without this option, the simplified result must take into account the different possible values of the (complex) sign of x.
Note: When the symbolic option is specified, any branch of a multi-valued function can be chosen during the simplification process. The result of such an operation is in general not valid over the whole complex plane and can lead to incorrect results if you assume the expressions represent analytical functions.
Simple Example
simplify⁡412+3
5
Simplifying Trigonometric Expressions
e≔cos⁡x5+sin⁡x4+2⁢cos⁡x2−2⁢sin⁡x2−cos⁡2⁢x:
simplify⁡e
cos⁡x4⁢cos⁡x+1
Simplifying Exponentials and Logarithms
simplify⁡exp⁡a+ln⁡b⁢exp⁡c
b⁢ⅇc+a
Controlling Simplification Rules
simplify⁡sin⁡x2+ln⁡2⁢x+cos⁡x2
ln⁡2+ln⁡x+1
simplify⁡sin⁡x2+ln⁡2⁢x+cos⁡x2,trig
ln⁡2⁢x+1
simplify⁡sin⁡x2+ln⁡2⁢x+cos⁡x2,ln
sin⁡x2+ln⁡2+ln⁡x+cos⁡x2
Simplifying with Respect to Side Relations
f≔−13⁢x5⁢y+x4⁢y2+13⁢x⁢y3+1:
simplify⁡f,x3=x⁢y,y2=x+1
x4+x2+x+1
Using the assume Option
g≔sqrt⁡x2
g≔x2
simplify⁡g
csgn⁡x⁢x
simplify⁡g,assume=real
x
simplify⁡g,assume=positive
simplify⁡g,symbolic
Simplifying an Integral
Integrands and summands are simplified taking into account the integration or sum ranges respectively. For more information, see assuming.
expr≔Int⁡1+sinh⁡t212,t=1..4
expr≔∫141+sinh⁡t2ⅆt
simplify⁡expr
∫14cosh⁡tⅆt
See Also
assume
assuming
collect
combine
convert
expand
factor
normal
RealDomain
RealRange
simplify/@
simplify/Ei
simplify/GAMMA
simplify/hypergeom
simplify/ln
simplify/polar
simplify/power
simplify/radical
simplify/RootOf
simplify/rtable
simplify/size
simplify/sqrt
simplify/trig
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