DEtools
symmetric_power
calculate the symmetric power of a differential equation or operator
Calling Sequence
Parameters
Description
Examples
symmetric_power(L, m, domain)
symmetric_power(eqn, m, dvar)
L
-
differential operator
m
positive integer
domain
list containing two names
eqn
homogeneous linear differential equation
dvar
dependent variable
The input L is a differential operator. The output of this procedure is a linear differential operator M of minimal order such that for every set of m solutions y1,...,ym of L the product y1⁢y2⁢…⁢ym is a solution of M.
The argument domain describes the differential algebra. If this argument is the list Dt,t, then the differential operators are notated with the symbols Dt and t. They are viewed as elements of the differential algebra C⁡t Dt where C is the field of constants.
If the argument domain is omitted then the differential specified by the environment variable _Envdiffopdomain is used. If this environment variable is not set then the argument domain may not be omitted.
Instead of a differential operator, the input can also be a linear homogeneous differential equation having rational function coefficients. In this case the third argument must be the dependent variable.
This function is part of the DEtools package, and so it can be used in the form symmetric_power(..) only after executing the command with(DEtools). However, it can always be accessed through the long form of the command by using DEtools[symmetric_power](..).
with⁡DEtools:
_Envdiffopdomain≔Dx,x:
L≔Dx2+a⁡x⁢Dx+b⁡x
M≔symmetric_power⁡L,2
M≔Dx3+3⁢a⁡x⁢Dx2+2⁢a⁡x2+ⅆⅆxa⁡x+4⁢b⁡x⁢Dx+4⁢b⁡x⁢a⁡x+2⁢ⅆⅆxb⁡x
To illustrate formally the meaning of the output of this command, consider a general second order ODE
ODE≔diff⁡y⁡x,x,x+a⁡x⁢y⁡x=0
ODE≔ⅆ2ⅆx2y⁡x+a⁡x⁢y⁡x=0
The nth symmetric_power of ODE is another ODE having for a solution the nth power of the solution of ODE. For example, the solution of ODE can be written - formally - using the Maple DESol command; dsolve represents it that way:
sol≔dsolve⁡ODE
sol≔y⁡x=DESol⁡a⁡x⁢_Y⁡x+ⅆ2ⅆx2_Y⁡x,_Y⁡x
where in the above DESol(...) represents any linear combination of two independent solutions of ODE. The first symmetric power of ODE is then ODE itself (has for solution sol^1) and, for instance, for the second and third symmetric powers of ODE we have
ODE_2≔symmetric_power⁡ODE,2,y⁡x
ODE_2≔2⁢ⅆⅆxa⁡x⁢y⁡x+4⁢a⁡x⁢ⅆⅆxy⁡x+ⅆ3ⅆx3y⁡x
dsolve⁡ODE_2,y⁡x
y⁡x=DESol⁡a⁡x⁢_Y⁡x+ⅆ2ⅆx2_Y⁡x,_Y⁡x2
ODE_3≔symmetric_power⁡ODE,3,y⁡x
ODE_3≔9⁢a⁡x2+3⁢ⅆ2ⅆx2a⁡x⁢y⁡x+10⁢ⅆⅆxa⁡x⁢ⅆⅆxy⁡x+10⁢a⁡x⁢ⅆ2ⅆx2y⁡x+ⅆ4ⅆx4y⁡x
dsolve⁡ODE_3,y⁡x
y⁡x=DESol⁡a⁡x⁢_Y⁡x+ⅆ2ⅆx2_Y⁡x,_Y⁡x3
See Also
DEtools/symmetric_product
diffop
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