scheme = unbiased or Euler -- This option specifies which discretization scheme should be used for simulating this process.

The SquareRootDiffusion command creates a new square-root diffusion process. This is a process $X\left(t\right)$ governed by the stochastic differential equation (SDE)

This process was proposed by Cox, Ingersoll, and Ross as a model of the short rate, which is often referred to as the CIR model.

The parameter $X_0$ defined the initial value of the underlying stochastic process.

The parameter kappa is the speed of mean-reversion. The parameter theta is the long-term running mean. The parameter sigma is the volatility. In general, kappa, theta, and sigma can be any algebraic expressions. However, if the process is to be simulated, these parameters must be assigned numeric values.

The scheme option specifies the discretization scheme used for simulation of this process. By default the standard Euler scheme is used. When scheme is set to unbiased the transition density will be used to simulate a value $X\left(t+\mathrm{dt}\right)$ given $X\left(t\right)$.

$\mathrm{with}\left(\mathrm{Finance}\right)\:$

$r≔\mathrm{SquareRootDiffusion}\left(u\,\mathrm{\kappa }\,\mathrm{\theta }\,\mathrm{\sigma }\,t\right)$

$r≔\mathrm{\_X0}$

$\mathrm{Drift}\left(r\left(t\right)\right)$

$\mathrm{\kappa }\left(\mathrm{\theta }-\mathrm{\_X0}\left(t\right)\right)$

$\mathrm{Diffusion}\left(r\left(t\right)\right)$

$\mathrm{\sigma }\sqrt{\mathrm{\_X0}\left(t\right)}$

$\mathrm{Drift}\left(\exp \left(r\left(t\right)\right)\right)$

$\mathrm{\kappa }\left(\mathrm{\theta }-\mathrm{\_X0}\left(t\right)\right){\ⅇ}^{\mathrm{\_X0}\left(t\right)}+\frac{{\mathrm{\sigma }}^2\mathrm{\_X0}\left(t\right){\ⅇ}^{\mathrm{\_X0}\left(t\right)}}{2}$

$\mathrm{Diffusion}\left(\exp \left(r\left(t\right)\right)\right)$

$\mathrm{\sigma }\sqrt{\mathrm{\_X0}\left(t\right)}{\ⅇ}^{\mathrm{\_X0}\left(t\right)}$

$u≔0.2$

$u≔0.2$

$\mathrm{\kappa }≔1.0$

$\mathrm{\kappa }≔1.0$

$\mathrm{\theta }≔0.1$

$\mathrm{\theta }≔0.1$

$\mathrm{\sigma }≔0.3$

$\mathrm{\sigma }≔0.3$

$r≔\mathrm{SquareRootDiffusion}\left(u\,\mathrm{\kappa }\,\mathrm{\theta }\,\mathrm{\sigma }\right)$

$r≔\mathrm{\_X1}$

$\mathrm{PathPlot}\left(r\left(t\right)\,t=0..3\,\mathrm{timesteps}=100\,\mathrm{replications}=10\,\mathrm{axes}=\mathrm{BOXED}\,\mathrm{gridlines}=\mathrm{true}\right)$

$\mathrm{\sigma }≔0.0001$

$\mathrm{\sigma }≔0.0001$

$\mathrm{r1}≔\mathrm{SquareRootDiffusion}\left(u\,\mathrm{\kappa }\,\mathrm{\theta }\,\mathrm{\sigma }\right)$

$\mathrm{r1}≔\mathrm{\_X2}$

$\mathrm{r2}≔\mathrm{SquareRootDiffusion}\left(u\,\mathrm{\kappa }\,\mathrm{\theta }\,\mathrm{\sigma }\,t\,\mathrm{scheme}=\mathrm{unbiased}\right)$

$\mathrm{r2}≔\mathrm{\_X3}$

$\mathrm{r3}≔\mathrm{dsolve}\left(\left\{\mathrm{diff}\left(x\left(t\right)\,t\right)=\mathrm{\kappa }\left(\mathrm{\theta }-x\left(t\right)\right)\,x\left(0\right)=u\right\}\right)$

$\mathrm{r3}≔x\left(t\right)=\frac{1}{10}+\frac{{\ⅇ}^{-t}}{10}$

$\mathrm{P1}≔\mathrm{PathPlot}\left(\mathrm{r1}\left(t\right)\,t=0..3\,\mathrm{timesteps}=5\,\mathrm{color}=\mathrm{red}\right)$

$\mathrm{P2}≔\mathrm{PathPlot}\left(\mathrm{r2}\left(t\right)\,t=0..3\,\mathrm{timesteps}=5\,\mathrm{color}=\mathrm{blue}\right)\:$

$\mathrm{P3}≔\mathrm{plot}\left(\mathrm{rhs}\left(\mathrm{r3}\right)\,t=0..3\,\mathrm{color}=\mathrm{green}\right)\:$

$\mathrm{plots}\left[\mathrm{display}\right]\left(\mathrm{P1}\,\mathrm{P2}\,\mathrm{P3}\,\mathrm{thickness}=3\,\mathrm{axes}=\mathrm{BOXED}\,\mathrm{gridlines}=\mathrm{true}\right)$

Brigo, D., Mercurio, F., Interest Rate Models: Theory and Practice. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2001.

Glasserman, P., Monte Carlo Methods in Financial Engineering. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2004.

Hull, J., Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives, 5th. edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2003.

The Finance[SquareRootDiffusion] command was introduced in Maple 15.

For more information on Maple 15 changes, see Updates in Maple 15.